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In plant stems, the stele is the


A) whole of the stem of dicots.
B) central vascular cylinder in monocot stems.
C) central vascular cylinder of dicot stems.
D) parenchymal cells which form the stem of dicots.
E) cortex of monocot and dicot stems.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The endodermis is


A) a layer of one or more cells thick which give rise to lateral roots.
B) important because it enables the plant to control water uptake.
C) a ring of specialised cells the walls of which are impregnated with suberin to enable the up-take up solutes.
D) located on the outside of the epidermis and the cortex.
E) the undifferentiated cells that become the secondary xylem and phloem.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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A cross-section of a structure that was identified as plant material was found in a thin section of rock. The plant structure was round in cross-section, with a central pith of parenchyma surrounded by metaxylem. The metaxylem was to the inside of the protoxylem and areas of primary phloem alternated with the many arches of primary xylem. The section is most likely to be of a


A) monocotyledon stem.
B) dicotyledon stem.
C) monocotyledon root.
D) either a monocotyledon or dicotyledon root.
E) dicotyledon root.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Under conditions such as high humidity, transpiration can be limiting. Under such conditions, what important role would a pore-like structure play, and what is the name of such a structure?


A) It would help maintain ion transport via pores called hydathodes.
B) It would help maintain osmotic potential via pores called ion-channels.
C) It would help maintain water movement and therefore ion transport via pores called hydrophores.
D) It would help maintain a negative membrane potential via pores called symplasts.
E) It would help maintain diffusion gradients via pores called antiports.

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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While working in the field you come across a small, unknown plant. Upon closer inspection you note that it has small, scale-like leaves and a thick cuticle. From these observations, what type of habitat is this plant most likely to be found in?


A) Moist fern gully
B) Dry or arid
C) Coastal scrub
D) Alpine
E) Tundra

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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